Such wording is not always invalid.
Responsible journalists sometimes protect confidential sources.
But an anonymous assertion requires careful evaluation, especially when it concerns a serious allegation.
Another warning sign is the absence of dates.
A story that describes a celebrity as finally speaking out should explain when and where that statement occurred.
Without this information, an old interview may be presented as breaking news.
Readers should also pay attention to whether the article distinguishes evidence from reaction.
A paragraph describing what social media users are speculating about is not equivalent to proof that the speculation is true.
Similarly, a statement that a celebrity looked upset in a photograph does not establish the reason for that expression.
The overall structure can also reveal problems.
Some low-quality articles begin with a powerful accusation, spend several paragraphs recounting unrelated background information, and end without addressing the original claim.
The article creates the appearance of length and substance without providing evidence.
